Chief William Neptune of the Passamaquoddy, wearing a headdress and outfit adorned with swastikas. [12], The right-facing swastika (卐) was adopted by several organizations in pre–World War I Europe, and later by the Nazi Party and Nazi Germany before World War II. Spokensanskrit - An English - Sanskrit dictionary: This is an online hypertext dictionary for Sanskrit - English and English - Sanskrit. In foreign countries there are names used like Cash, Money. [52] as well as an article concerning carpet decoration in Good Housekeeping. Lara Nagy, Jane Vadnal, "Glossary Medieval Art and Architecture", Concise Armenian Encyclopedia, Yerevan, v. II, p. 663, Adney, Edwin Tappan and Chapelle, Howard I. The icon is also found as a sacred symbol in the Bon tradition, but in the left facing mode.[196][197]. It refers to the appearance of physical objects in yogic, Hindu and Buddhist philosophy. It was used by the Nazi Party to symbolize German nationalistic pride. It is also censored from the reprints of 1930s railway timetables published by the Reichsbahn. Because of the stigma attached to the symbol, many buildings that have used the symbol as decoration have had the symbol removed. The word swastika comes from Sanskrit: स्वस्तिक, romanized: svástika, meaning "conducive to well-being". [82] The runic inscription on the 8th-century Sæbø sword has been taken as evidence of the swastika as a symbol of Thor in Norse paganism. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. ”Ardas Bahee is a mantra prayer. Before the Nazis, the swastika was widely adopted in the West as a symbol of luck and fortune (Photo by Rykoff Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images) The Sanskrit phrase namaste is formed from namaḥ, meaning “bow, obeisance, adoration,” and the enclitic pronoun te, meaning “to you.”The noun namaḥ, in turn, is a derivative of the verb namati, which means “(she or he) bends, bows.”. Chirality describes an absence of reflective symmetry, with the existence of two versions that are mirror images of each other. It was later replaced with a thunderbird symbol. 937, sudrabs, Latvija, 20.gs. [80] On Japanese maps, a swastika (left-facing and horizontal) is used to mark the location of a Buddhist temple. In the Zoroastrian religion of Persia, the swastika was a symbol of the revolving sun, infinity, or continuing creation. On 15 March 2007, the Federal Court of Justice of Germany (Bundesgerichtshof) held that the crossed-out symbols were "clearly directed against a revival of national-socialist endeavors", thereby settling the dispute for the future. [75] The clockwise symbol is more common, and contrasts with the counter clockwise version common in the Tibetan Bon tradition and locally called yungdrung. As with many neo-Nazi groups across the world, the American Nazi Party used the swastika as part of its flag before its first dissolution in 1967. [106], Swastika on a Greek silver stater coin from Corinth, 6th century BCE, The swastika was widespread among the Illyrians, symbolizing the Sun. The swastika is derived from Sanskrit word “Swasti” meaning may all be well with you. [45] According to Guénon, the swastika in its polar value has the same meaning of the yin and yang symbol of the Chinese tradition, and of other traditional symbols of the working of the universe, including the letters Γ (gamma) and G, symbolizing the Great Architect of the Universe of Freemasonic thought. All of them show the swastika in their logos. In the 1880s the Theosophical Society adopted a swastika as part of its seal, along with an Om, a hexagram or star of David, an Ankh and an Ouroboros. One common pattern, called sayagata in Japanese, comprises left- and right-facing swastikas joined by lines. [160][161] High-ranking Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg noted that the Indo-Aryan peoples were both a model to be imitated and a warning of the dangers of the spiritual and racial "confusion" that, he believed, arose from the proximity of races. [164], Because of its use by Nazi Germany, the swastika since the 1930s has been largely associated with Nazism. Triquetra, also known as the Trinity Knot or Celtic Triangle, is a tri-cornered shape made of 3 interconnected or overlapping arcs with pointed outer sections that resembles a three-cornered knot. "[158], The swastika was also understood as "the symbol of the creating, effecting life" (das Symbol des schaffenden, wirkenden Lebens) and as "race emblem of Germanism" (Rasseabzeichen des Germanentums). [123] The Lambach swastika is probably of Medieval origin. Cookies help us deliver our services. [7][8] In Hinduism, the right-facing symbol (卐) is called swastika, symbolizing surya ("sun"), prosperity and good luck, while the left-facing symbol (卍) is called sauwastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali. [121][122] By the early 20th century, it was used worldwide and was regarded as a symbol of good luck and success. [13][14] The symbol is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilization [15] and Samarra, as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork. [148], The traditional symbols of the Podhale Rifles include the edelweiss flower and the Mountain Cross, a swastika symbol popular in folk culture of the Polish mountainous regions. vidya - knowledge, avidya - ignorance. To convert numbers to Sanskrit words, select the 'Number to Sanskrit Word' button, enter the number in the search box above and click 'SEARCH'. [50], Bob Kobres in his 1992 paper Comets and the Bronze Age Collapse contends that the swastika-like comet on the Han-dynasty silk comet manuscript was labeled a "long tailed pheasant star" (dixing) because of its resemblance to a bird's foot or footprint,[51] the latter comparison also being drawn by J.F.K. [156][157] The emblem was a black swastika rotated 45 degrees on a white circle on a red background. [citation needed], In Chinese, Japanese, and Korean the swastika is also a homonym of the number 10,000, and is commonly used to represent the whole of creation, e.g. The four arms of the swastika symbolize the four places where a soul could be reborn in samsara, the cycle of birth and death – svarga "heaven", naraka "hell", manushya "humanity" or tiryancha "as flora or fauna" – before the soul attains moksha "salvation" as a siddha, having ended the cycle of birth and death and become omniscient. [189], In 2010 the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) downgraded the swastika from its status as a Jewish hate symbol, saying "We know that the swastika has, for some, lost its meaning as the primary symbol of Nazism and instead become a more generalized symbol of hate". [95] The Kolovrat has since been used by the Rusich Battalion, a Russian militant group known for its operation during the War in Donbass. [citation needed] In some countries, such as the United States (in the 2003 case Virginia v. Black), the highest courts have ruled that the local governments can prohibit the use of swastika along with other symbols such as cross burning, if the intent of the use is to intimidate others. In Black Ops, players are allowed to customize their name tags to represent, essentially, whatever they want. [1][2] According to Norman McClelland its symbolism for motion and the Sun may be from shared prehistoric cultural roots.[78]. (Red, white, and black were the colors of the flag of the old German Empire.) Pattern : the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name * is a wildcard that matches zero or more letters example: *oo* matches names which contain oo _ is a wildcard that matches exactly one letter example: __z matches names which have two letters and then z + Meaning and description [197], In Japan, the swastika is also used as a map symbol and is designated by the Survey Act and related Japanese governmental rules to denote a Buddhist temple.[200]. [5] In the wake of widespread popular usage, in post-World War I Germany, the newly established Nazi Party formally adopted the swastika in 1920. "right swastika"), and can also be called kagi jūji (鉤十字, literally "hook cross"). Reverence for the swastika symbol in Asian cultures, in contrast to the West's stigmatization of the symbol, has led to misinterpretations and misunderstandings. His work was published in 1923, by a publishing house that was then based in the Dębniki district of Kraków. [73][74] It is one of the most common symbols on Mesopotamian coins.[8]. "[32], All swastikas are bent crosses based on a chiral symmetry, but they appear with different geometric details: as compact crosses with short legs, as crosses with large arms and as motifs in a pattern of unbroken lines. [102] Related symbols in classical Western architecture include the cross, the three-legged triskele or triskelion and the rounded lauburu. On the holiday of Diwali, Hindu households commonly use the swastika in decorations. Swastikas also appear in art and architecture during the Renaissance and Baroque era. It is related to life, peace and good luck but also represents the revolving sun and fire. Also a design by Gallen-Kallela from 1918, the Cross of Liberty has a swastika pattern in its arms. In 2017, the old logo of Finnish Air Force Command with Swastika was replaced by a new logo showing golden eagle and a circle of wings. [170][171][172], On 9 August 2018, Germany lifted the ban on the usage of swastikas and other Nazi symbols in video games. Steven Heller, "The Swastika: Symbol Beyond Redemption?" To avoid misunderstandings, the swastika decorations were replaced by fir crosses at the decision of president Urho Kekkonen in 1963 after it became known that the President of France Charles De Gaulle was uncomfortable with the swastika collar. The first time the swastika was used with an "Aryan" meaning was on 25 December 1907, when the self-named Order of the New Templars, a secret society founded by Lanz von Liebenfels, hoisted at Werfenstein Castle (Austria) a yellow flag with a swastika and four fleurs-de-lys.[162]. [49], In his book Comet (1985), Carl Sagan reproduces a Han-dynasty Chinese manuscript (the Book of Silk, 2nd century BCE) that shows comet tail varieties: most are variations on simple comet tails, but the last shows the comet nucleus with four bent arms extending from it, recalling a swastika. "This has long been the case for films and with regards to the freedom of the arts, this is now rightly also the case with computer and videogames. Sometimes on the drums, a male figure with a hammer-like object in either hand is shown, and sometimes it is more like a cross with crooked ends, or a swastika. The Emblem of Bihar contains two swastikas. [citation needed]. [188] It was "re-used" by successor organizations in 1983, without the publicity Rockwell's organization enjoyed. [85], In Russia before World War I the swastika was a favorite sign of the last Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. [89] Also it was present on icons, vestments and clerical clothing[90] but in World War II it was removed, having become by association a symbol of the German occupation. The mirror-image forms are typically described as left-facing or left-hand (卍) and right-facing or right-hand (卐). All Jain temples and holy books must contain the swastika and ceremonies typically begin and end with creating a swastika mark several times with rice around the altar. [1][2][3] [5][6] The swastika continues to be used as a symbol of good luck and prosperity in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain countries such as Nepal, India, Mongolia, China and Japan. The tower they support is topped with a spire, in the middle of which is a swastika.[126]. This is a mantra which reverses the negative vibrations into positive ones. The swastika symbol is also known in these contexts by a number of names, especially gammadion,[103] or rather the tetra-gammadion. And it requires cultivating." The Danish brewery company Carlsberg Group used the swastika as a logo[125] from the 19th century until the middle of the 1930s when it was discontinued because of association with the Nazi Party in neighbouring Germany. However, the logo of Finland's air force academy still keeps the swastika symbol.[136]. 'Swastik' is a Sanskrit word that means, 'Purveyor of Good Fortune', it bestows luck and prosperity, but it must always be placed in a clock-wise direction. It can be seen drawn on doors, walls, and other auspicious places in Hindu homes signifying good luck and well being. A swastika can be seen on stonework at Valle Crucis Abbey, near Llangollen. Eimskipafjelag Íslands[127] from its founding in 1914 until the Second World War when it was discontinued and changed to read only the letters Eimskip. The name of the Sami thunder god was Horagalles, thought to derive from "Old Man Thor" (Þórr karl). Sanskrit Dictionary is a bilingual, translates any word from English to Sanskrit or Sanskrit to English.Type a word in search box & click on Translate button. [192], In the Indiana Jones Stunt Spectacular in Disney Hollywood Studios in Orlando, Florida, the swastikas on German trucks, aircraft and actor uniforms in the reenactment of a scene from Raiders of the Lost Ark were removed in 2004. Jains use rice to make a swastika in front of statues and then put an offering on it, usually a ripe or dried fruit, a sweet (Hindi: मिठाई miṭhāī), or a coin or currency note. [197] Swastikas are ubiquitous in Indian and Nepalese communities, located on shops, buildings, transport vehicles, and clothing.
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