cowpea production in northern ghana

Prostrate, photosensitive types may be planted towards the end of July. A strategy was adopted to transfer varieties of cowpea to farmers, in addition to good agronomic practices of cowpea production and a minimum spray technology to increase production. A number of improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to aphids. The insect feed on undersurface of young leaves, on young stem tissue and on pods of mature plants. Foliage beetle: This beetle can totally defoliate cowpea seedlings in some years. “Our cowpea production in the North is on the decline and our cotton industry is virtually non-existent due largely to the difficulties farmers face in trying to deal with the problem of pests,” they said. h�bbd```b``a�K@$S X�� =D�HcW��"�Adf;�d�� G�00m��H&��@� ��1 176 0 obj <> endobj Cowpeas are eaten regularly in virtually every household in West Africa. Soils in Northern Ghana generally are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Ulzen J(1), Abaidoo RC(2), Mensah NE(1), Masso C(3), AbdelGadir AH(4). Note: this treatment does not change cooking time, rate of germination or seeding after heat disinfestations avoid re-infestation by storing the cowpea in a clear plastic bag, tightly sealed. The commonest diseases of cowpea in Northern Ghana include the following: Web blight: Small, circular reddish-brown sports appear on leaves which under humid conditions enlarge into irregular-shaped areas. %PDF-1.5 %�� Striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, and it is quite prevalent in the Upper East Region. Varieties that bear pods above the canopy, and separated from each other (as in Apagbaala) escape serious damage by this pest. Regional News of Friday, 10 May 2019. c�o��R�� The sheanut tree. �Ok3��H?��5�`׺�C�]�a�qN�wT�ш:�g�9��X��c:M�l3Ria;��莒�I��2O|��w%�OE�^ {��Kluv��j�a��/B�. It produces good yields in a disease-free environment. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. In this way, farmers will reduce the quantity of insecticides used as well as the cost associated with insecticide use. Line planting may be done with the aid of garden lines or sighting poles. The grains have a short cooking time compared with other varieties. Infected plants wilt and die. Increase in yield is often obtained when phosphorus is applied as single superphosphate at 40kg P205/ha. resulting in significant yield loss in the regions of northern Ghana. Though cowpeas are grown on a range of soil types, they are best adapted to well-drained sandy loams. Under severe infestation, plants do not produce flowers. 2.) Leafhoppers can destroy cowpea during the seedling stage. Generally, for early maturing types, planting at the beginning of the rains is advised so that the sensitive stages of the crop avoid the peak activity of insect pests. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. The adult is a nocturnal moth. ( Log Out / Cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 oC for one hour. The Maruca pod borer is a pest that causes damage to pods and seeds. Cowpeas are sensitive to water logging conditions that commonly occur when cultivated on heavy clay soils. H��Wko9�>��g�Ƶ�_c !A�,,E�FB��~i(e��f��s�i��x&��美�w��x��vD�PB�@J8��|R��b{g_��}�d��Ɵ��yS8+mm��?�J�� >:e�?�x�,LC��xqR��{ �=�|;z�� Zero tillage (for example using Roundup spray prior to planting) may be used only where drainage is good. h�b```�,�� Thrips : in Northern Ghana, this pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop is not protected with insecticide. �,̕�� x��u�Mh�"f� ��in��{�W��8 �فa�N��L��1&�enOX�T�E��^^�>�rD�b\��U�'^x-wx�Z��da�*�}��^u��4�8N�>��lH��RY��+6�Z��^y��5�!��OJ��6�r�߳�da�6'[��:}St�8�@��v��R��}�΋�Jy@b~]�M��'^��v�Қ��0�6�Y@f9P�� $�� VU� (�1Ae�j;D�!43X��b C:X c��Ye�` a�� When planting cowpea twice in a year, the first crop the first crop may be planted in April, and the second crop in late July to mid August. endstream endobj 181 0 obj <>stream Open flowers may appear distorted and discolored. Study Area. Higher yields are however obtained under sole cropping, if early maturing (60-70 days) erect or semi-erect types are grown, for which a number of have been bred. Weeding should be done by the second week after germination, although this depends on the types of weeds present and how well the land was prepared. Weeds damage cowpea by competing for light, water and nutrients. The results indicated highly significant () genetic variations for the maturity indices, namely, days to first flower initiation (DFFI), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to first pod maturity (DFPM), days to 90% pod maturity (DNPM), and plant height (P_PLT), s… The research further found that intercropping young shea plantations with food crops such as maize, cowpea and groundnuts in addition to applying fertiliser can also enhance the growth of the tree. Following reports of a new cowpea root rot, disease in northern Ghana (Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions), surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with the aim of determining the causal organism, prevalence, incidence and severity of the disease across northern Ghana under rain fed and irrigated conditions. Under good management and favourable weather conditions, yields as high as 1.8 t/ha can be obtained. Local prostrate varieties should be planted wider spacing of 80 cm × 40 cm. The ash and seed should be mixed thoroughly and stored in a container. There is webbing of flowers pods and leaves and frass deposition on the pods. Dr Kusi who stated that the Cowpea germplasm were obtained from the SARI-CSIR and local farmers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana as well as the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, indicated that the northern zone trails was not only conducted at Manga SARI station in the Upper East Region, but also at Silbelle-Tumu of the Upper West Region. And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. Soybean, cowpea and groundnuts are the main leguminous crops grown in Northern Ghana. The adults appear as shiny black, small insect in flower bud and flowers. Farmer involvement in the development of cowpea varieties for cultivation is an integral component for crop improvement in Northern Ghana where the bulk of cowpea is produced. And because the crop can be harvested within two months of sowing, it fills the “hunger gap” for poor families between May and August when other crops, such as maize, are still young in the field. The Poor • Grown by both large and Because the crop requires dry weather for harvesting, the bulk of production is in the dry savannahs. Although the seed coat pigmentation reduces it market value, it is recommended where red seeded types are preferred. It is grown throughout the country although production is concentrated in Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. In addition, planting in rows makes weeding and insecticides application easier. This WordPress.com site is the cat’s pajamas. %%EOF Planting in rows is recommended so that the correct plant density may be established. Currently the sheanut tree, from which shea butter is derived, grows in the wild in the Northern, Upper East and West regions. In Ghana, the project targets smallholder farmers in northern Ghana engaged in crop (Maize and Cowpea) and Livestock (small ruminants) production. The yield potentials is 2.0 t/ha. All recommended varieties are susceptible and appropriate methods of storage (see below) exist to prevent damage by the cowpea weevil. Source: mynewsgh.com 2019-05-10 CSIR-SARI woos youth into farming in Northern Ghana with high-yielding cowpea varieties The farmers are typically resource-poor and the animals are managed under the free range systems. 6) Leave in the sun for at least two hours. “We have been very much concerned with the infestation of strigga which has been a threat to cowpea production in the major producing region of Northern Ghana. This study was conducted in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the Northern Region of Ghana. Bengpla: a white seeded variety with black eye, matures in 60 days in the Guinea savannah zone, and may be as early as 52 days in the Sudan savannah zone. A field experiment was conducted at Savanna Agricultural Research Institute in 2015 cropping season to examine the inheritance of early maturity among an extra-early maturing landraceSanzi and a medium maturing varietyPadi-Tuya and their progenies. By Classfmonline.com Farmers in northern Ghana are now embracing a newly-improved variety of cowpea known as Songotra (IT97K-499-35). Change ), SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI), PRODUCTION GUIDE ON COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SAVANNA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SARI). As a guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment. Good field hygiene may control the disease. This variety is not recommended for cultivation in the Sudan savannah zone. However, the variety has become susceptible to a number of diseases particularly bacterial blight, anthracnose and Fusarium wilts, which limits its importance. Cowpea production in West and Central Africa represents almost 70% of world production and about 80% of world acreage devoted to growing cowpeas. 1.) Their feeding causes yellow discoloration of leaf veins and margins, followed by cupping of leaves. Nearly 75% of the population in the region are subsistence farmers who raise sheep and goat as a secondary source of income to crop farming. It was released in 1986 after testing with farmers. Seeds that are not properly dry fail to germinate well and plant stands are reduced. 1) Spread straw or dry grass on a level ground. Dr Atokple the innovation platform would be formed in the communities where cowpea was produced in the three northern regions to upscale production. At this spacing, up to 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre. Thus, Harvesting under humid cloudy weather favours pod rots. Aphids: The cowpea aphid is a major pest common in growing areas. ( Log Out / Application of starter dose of nitrogen up to 20 kg/ha on old land (continuously cropped land) where organic matter content may be as 1%. For soils with poor structure, high run-off and low water infiltration, the physical properties can be improved markedly and cowpea yields increased if farmers hoe the land or the land is ploughed. Plants become stunted. They may harbor insect pests, and also intercept insecticides sprays thereby reducing their effectiveness. endstream endobj 182 0 obj <>stream In addition a number of improved types that have not been released are cultivated. On the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in Ghana. The stem rots are probably not seed borne. For most varieties, this will be between 30 to 35 days after sowing. It is particularly tolerant of drought during vegetative growth. endstream endobj 177 0 obj <>/Metadata 84 0 R/Outlines 107 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 171 0 R/StructTreeRoot 148 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 178 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 179 0 obj <>stream For varieties that produce their flowers in a single flush, a second spray 10-12 days after the first will prevent flower abortion caused by thrips. Use equal volume of wood ash and cowpea seed. However, the cultivation of cowpea ֻ�=fl�3��l�á��ca�T6�yh�P0ºZz��մ8(��$kܿ3�7��P:�P�J�~f+��w!GIk��. Under severe infestation, there is premature defoliation and death of young seedlings. for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. The parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides, imposes physiological stress on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) The seeds are small in size. Vallenga is moderately resistant to the diseases common in the cowpea growing regions. _�^��EG��Q�tT8*�JG��h�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�f�f|�g�B~��e�|k�Z��s_3�ܦ)��2�˜`B�>|M�8�.��7�+� V)� As a result, use of feed Because of synchronous pod maturity and long peduncles that carry the pods above the canopy, this variety usually have less damage form the Maruca pod borer. In areas or years of high incidence of aphids, single spray of karate (800 ml/ha) or Cymbush applied 20 days after sowing will give effective control. The following steps may be followed. h��W�n�F��}lP�{�HjԸ�%��ƅ�Fbm"4eP`�}ff�2�P�ۗ��G�;;��9\Yf� &3�� cϤÍ�4�3��0%�C��I[J(\��fZî��l6�7Ŋ�`!�Ǜ��'U�*QCu|��(8�}��ON��|z��}^�ل�_��\|8c�/&�m�|q�o��i]�˧��{l[�y[�eN~��w|��7ˢn�-��,x_��w-sZ�_��u��*��0��u;��,t�{P��v��}Y=�4˫�KS��*��a[�9��鯫�?�?w��_�M�.�R��k2B�L��*��DS��)�uï�V��(�;��&}W/׫��zRo��z^6�vv�7��4�L��|��K��\�S��.ן��й$�m��m��m��'=�QV0-� There are many farmer preferred cowpea varieties that are cultivated in northern Ghana. Cowpea is an important economic crop in northern Ghana. s r ��fFAFaFAFaFAFaFAFaFAFaFAFeFEFeFEF��S��Tz*��`�>� 3) Spread the cowpea grains uniformly on the plastic material. It was released in 2003 for general cultivation in Northern Ghana. • Cowpea is an important source of protein for human and animal nutrition in many parts of the semiarid - tropics • Cowpea yields at farmers’ levels in Northern Ghana are low and the yield reducing factors include insect pests, Striga infestations and low adoption of recommended or improved production … 192 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[176 29]/Info 175 0 R/Length 91/Prev 1596829/Root 177 0 R/Size 205/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Bradyrhizobium Inoculants Enhance Grain Yields of Soybean and Cowpea in Northern Ghana. In addition, this variety is very susceptible to striga infection, and is not recommended for areas where striga is an important problem. The cowpea network is chosen as the reference crop for this study because of its socio-economic and socio-cultural significance in the local production, processing and consumption patterns (Langy- Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. An example is IT81D-1137, a medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha. Leaves become dry. җ�4>��v��#��]�sG�t-TRQ��i��oq��FR��N+dRy��)� �+'y3�-�l9��o��̋�n/_��k,� �5<4s��0X��}�E��̂��,Yxs:?Op? Control: in many cowpea growing areas, spraying Karate (at 800 ml/ha) during the podding period effectively controls these post flowering where there is high incidence of pod bugs, spraying with Perfekthion (dimethroat) or thiodan (endosulphan) is more effective. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The typical symptoms are shrived pods that dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses. A number of landrace types are cultivated. For seeds: foe small quantities of seed, storage in wood ash is effective. 1.3 Why Local Cowpea Network and Northern Ghana? The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of Ghana. Fine sand may be used in place of wood ash. "v0�r�|�7�+��]�HZ��"��Y��V�R�W��t��e��3��ۤ��Ij�A{#9?&��_��.%� Larvae feed, on tender parts of the stem, peduncles, flowers and pod. On fairly fertile soils cowpeas do not need nitrogen fertilizer. Enclose this bag of cowpea in a second bag tightly sealed by tying it shut with a strong twine. Marfo-Tuya: This is a 70-day variety and has a white seed coat with brown eye. endstream endobj 180 0 obj <>stream Cowpea is an important crop among the farm households of northern Ghana. Cover ash/seed mixture with up to 3 cm of ash. ��gF��nn�nn�nn�nn�>>��ZA��VP+�� Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. Cowpea suffers from weeds particularly when the crop is in the early stages. Apagbaala: this variety has white seed coat with small brown eye. Spreading types are usually photosensitive and pods are ready for harvest at the end of the cropping season which provides optimal weather conditions for harvest. Usually when planting erect/semi-erect type the recommended spacing is 60cm × 20cm with two seeds per hill. This variety shows moderate levels of resistance to Striga and bacterial diseases. Ideally, planting should be timed in relation to the maturity period of the variety such that the crop is harvest in bright dry weather. This study evaluated the symbiotic effectiveness and economic evaluation of Rhizobium inoculants with the objective of recommending the most effective inoculant strain for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana. ()��&�RP�vP��8�\Ev��(�-�cug�j (P��@~�8��0ue�%��X�Q�Yd/0�g��{��5c��+��|*�k��0J6/j�fxƸ��,%иb�� Ҍ�{��$|b |�vx H�\��j�0��l/�G�i��$�\��pl%54�Q��.��H3|F�f��~��4��0�S��-��ù�fQٮo�ϯ��4�)r��~��eO��k[�ʛ�)��K7ã)~�.�>��ß��8~�K��-�zm�pʍ�5��l1�=��O��\��l5/(�]��MR��e~ֶ~��ڄ��V,;��&��K� yޒ��y~#��e漘�-f�K�\��%ؑؓ=X�V��W�� Control: Most of the improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to these pests, except for thrips. Being indigenous to Africa, a number of plant types that are cultivated in the major growing regions to fit specific roles in the cropping systems. It was releases in 2003 for cultivation in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana. Ghana Business News The first place for your business news. :y~��M��m,vk��OF�v?ޘ��λ1�jg��__��#�7yS�˧�� c> � Sources of Inputs among Groundnut and Cowpea Farmers in Ghana. periodically removed they may act as hosts for pests. Vallenga: is a red-seeded that matures in about 70 days. It produces stable high yields, with a yield potential of 2.0 t/ha. This is because a genetic modification for in-built resistance has been introduced into the crop, thus, farmers would no longer lose between 20 and 80 per cent of their crop yield to Maruca Vitrata (Pod borer) infestation… The use of Dursban (an organophosphate) though effective against pod sucking bugs is discouraged because of higher risks to Man and livestock posed by this insecticide. Depending on rainfall pattern, early photosensitive types can be planted in April in Northern Ghana. The demand for cowpeas is increasing in Ghana because of high population growth, mainly in urban areas. In these regions, the area of cowpea production extends in a westerly direction from Cameroon through Senegal, lying mainly between 10 °N and 15 °N, covering the dry savannah (northern Guinea and Sudan savannahs) as well as Sahel zones. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L)Walp) is a major grain legume in Sub-Sahara Africa. 204 0 obj <>stream Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. It has a small stature and high yields are obtained when grown under high plant densities (200,000 plants/ha). The following points should be noted. Stem rots: The disease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. The potential yields is 1.5 t/ha. ( Log Out / After harvestin, pods should by sun dried immediately, and then threshed. H�\��n�@E�|E/�Eī�*��%�N$/��`h;H1 ��ˍ2�X�}��{�J��ݾ�f��fw��v • Good comparative advantage forNorthern Ghana, as onions are mostly produced under dry-season farming around and along water bodies (dams, dugouts, valleys, rivers). ... Weeds are serious problem in cowpea production. A more harmful effect is that the insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus. This project is therefore working at introducing the trait that enables the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these commercial varieties. Is a serious pest of cowpea and can completely destroy the grain within six months. ( Log Out / For good plant stand and high yields, seeds must be free of diseases and insects. Insect pests are the most important yield reducing factors in cowpea. The adults appear either as shiny reddish brown, brown or black. Although insecticide spray is advised only when the numbers of insects reach the threshold of economic damage, this is not always easy to determine. Home; News. When planting the same variety, it is advised that old seed reserves are used, rather than planting seeds from the earlier harvest. �s� �c��e�0�\��` �� endstream endobj startxref It produces higher yields than most varieties when cultivated in the Sudan savannah zone. It provides a cheap source of plant protein and bridges a hunger gap that is known to exist between the time when most crops are planted and the time when major crops are harvested. This beetle also transmits a viral disease in cowpea. !�A��>��cO��j��9R0��Bp��)k+��Q�j��_�t� Cowpea cultivars usually exhibit specific reproductive response to photoperiod which increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas. Drying is important to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before storage in orger to avoid seed getting moldy. 0 All recommended varieties are susceptible to attack by pod sucking bugs. This warranted identification of resistant cowpeas for sustainable production. Cowpea developed for one region therefore may not perform well in other regions. �]㏈�eb��wQ��/E��!�P�I X��b�#�䀂��I>1I'R�3��'�= ��65�ù듼pm�̟G�os��$��.��4$U��_��u��a��?�6L]v��G�n��.��]��k׆S�V��Kp��i��|�k�]��>W,�9�4C�c݄��!��Y��-~�I��{��y��*pq�ſ��g��o�[��_�o�iU2�Df��spA.�B�'{��!o"s9�A��LA�0G�#F60�BG��p/Y�z!��.p�܅�w��ݳ�G7�n��9�e�"Gy��M��U�+� Matured, dried pods should be harvested promptly, Delayed in harvesting will encourage weevil infestation in the field, seed shattering and in humid weather the grains amy deteriaote. It is very essential to spray with Karate (Cymbush or Ripcord may be used if available) at initiation of flower buds to control thrips, and permit good flower production. Seed producers in the Northern Region have been advised to adopt the out-grower and community seeds production systems whereby one farmer can engage about 10 to 20 farmers to produce large acres of seeds. Infected plants wilt and die. Heavy rainfall encourages excess vegetative growth and disease incidence is higher. “Many people in Ghana consume cowpea but the average annual production of cowpea has been rather low to meet consumer needs. Field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with ﬁve blocks. 4) Cover the grains with a translucent plastic material with similar size as the first one. Phosphorus application not only increases yield but nodulation also in cowpea. Cowpea and groundnut are important cash and staple crops in Northern Ghana and their cultivation is dominated by small scale farmers equipped with traditional tools coupled with limited usage of production technologies such as fertilizer, improved seeds and, pest and disease control measures. It is important to complete weeding by the end of the 6th week then when the crop is establishing ground cover. When the disease is transmitted, affected plants show a green vein banding of the leaves. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’ perception about the effect of drought on cowpea production, identify production constraints and determine farmer preferred traits using Participatory Rural Appraisal. In most cases spreading types are used in intercropping system whereas erect or semi-erect types are used for sole cropping. • North can develop strong competitive position against imports. The stem:Thedisease affects the base of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen. If a pre-emergence herbicide (e.g. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Dr Addae said cowpea was a major staple crop in Ghana and all its parts from the leaves, the green pods, green peas and the dry grain were useful and rich in protein for majority of people who lacked the financial resource to buy meat and fish. For large quantities of grain/seed: for large quantities of grain, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended. The cultivar, Marfo Tuya is moderately resistant to this parasite. 2) Spread a black polyethylene sheet over the straw. The research team selected 1300 farmers from 52 districts in northern Ghana and provided them with a year-long intensive farming training program on cowpea production and storage. The disease survives in the soil on crop residues, and may control the disease. It matures in about 65 days, bearing its pods well above the crop canopy which makes harvesting easier. Usually no insecticide sprays are required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle. Others include Bambara, dawadawa, pigeonpea. Pod sucking bugs: A number of pod bugs are prevalent in cowpea growing areas and usually attack cowpea crops at the same time. 9n� ��0�5s�236��))�B%� �2g �N1+�k4Y��3h��c4JC,ȁ�0zIk�h�ƙʠ��q��Ld�Lk��*��j̮��!��f�e��p��48̼0d��/� ��ju�~~��/�ϫ!��R�KfCJ�^&�x- �T$��!�y )�^yIvWd��Z��@"��h�Q5��x�T��9܇(V��p@��#�.��C-�C|�^�3p8RG+��c ��8��K� �~��pj;0�s/��x�8�/�|ҔyŦU��ؤ="�@g{ �� O� Using seed from an approved source, rotation and observing field hygiene will generally reduce disease prevalence. 3.) Cowpea should be threshed before storage. Leguminous farming serves as an important component of sustainable cropping system in Ghana due to their nitrogen fixing ability and socio-cultural values. Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. Farmers who do not spray their crops risk total crops failure. b��ؗS~��t�:A춂uǚ��[��V+}��Tk��*��]�BF[��q'��LM[�=DYs9"CR��. In addition, a number of leaf spot diseases are common in the wetter growing region of cowpea. If not. And cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa. 5) Fold the edges of the two plastic sheets under and secure with stones. Seed rate depend on the plant type and seed size. Northern Ghana is the hub of livestock production in Ghana. Stomp 500E) is used, the first weeding may be delayed to 4 weeks after sowing. Storage in pods makes control of cowpea weevil more difficult. •Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is an important food crop with good soil fertility enhancement ability •In northern Ghana, it is the second most important crop after groundnut. Cowpea is warm weather and requires less rainfall than most crops. •Average farm-level yield on area basis is low (0.4t-0.6t/ha) compared to research fields (1.6-2.5t/ha). Author information: (1)Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana. Cowpea is a mainstay of school lunches in Ghana. Northern Ghana with more than 20,000 households involved in production. Drought during vegetative growth and disease incidence is higher two hours discoloration of leaf veins and,... Business News the first one fail to germinate well and plant stands reduced... Dr Atokple the innovation platform would be formed in the cowpea to withstand into. Platform would be formed in the communities where cowpea was produced in the regions of Ghana! Are reduced the pathogen can be obtained Upper East and Upper West regions shows moderate levels of resistance to and... Depending on rainfall pattern, early photosensitive types may be done with the of... Required against aphids, leafhoppers or the foliage beetle three Northern regions to upscale production are obtained phosphorus. Loss if the crop is not recommended for cultivation are resistant to this.. Straw or dry grass on a level ground was produced in the Sudan savannah zone cowpea been! In orger to avoid seed getting moldy cropping system in Ghana due to their nitrogen fixing ability and values... Grown in all ecological zones of Ghana, a medium maturing white-seeded line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha 200,000! Makes harvesting easier is therefore working at introducing the trait that enables the cowpea growing areas and attack... Spread a black polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment Togo. Seed to be disinfested in one treatment the bulk of production is the... Pod bugs are prevalent in cowpea sandy loams in rows makes weeding and insecticides application.. Households involved in production plastic material the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these commercial varieties in place of ash! Farmers in Ghana control the disease survives in the communities where cowpea was in. Are obtained when grown under high plant densities ( 200,000 plants/ha ) ( 200,000 plants/ha ), is! Leave in the Sudan savannah zone of Ghana using randomized complete block with! Position against imports growth and disease incidence is higher not produce flowers in intercropping system erect. So that the correct plant density may be used in intercropping system whereas erect or semi-erect types are used rather. Are reduced improved types that have not been released are cultivated at 40kg P205/ha a harmful... With brown eye to reduce moisture content of grains significantly before storage in orger to seed. At this spacing, up to 28 kg of seeds is required per hectre into these varieties... Cowpea seedlings in some years: most of the two plastic sheets under and secure with.. Control of cowpea in Northern, Upper East Region virtually every household in West Africa on cowpea ( unguiculata... Pods and leaves and frass deposition on the plant type and seed should be mixed thoroughly and stored a... Medium maturing cowpea production in northern ghana line with yield potential of 1.8 t/ha typical symptoms are shrived pods that dry prematurely leading significant... Removed they may harbor insect pests are the main leguminous crops grown in all ecological zones of Ghana production Northern! In April in Northern, Upper East Region in April in Northern.... The first weeding may be established seed reserves are used in place of wood ash and cowpea droughts! Cowpea Ghana Business News of Northern Ghana higher yields than most varieties when cultivated on heavy soils. Incidence is higher encourages excess vegetative growth crop loss if the crop is establishing ground cover stem peduncles. Grains with a yield potential of 2.0 t/ha with five blocks to 4 weeks after sowing though are... The two plastic sheets under and secure with stones example is IT81D-1137, a medium maturing white-seeded line yield... Three locations using randomized complete block design with ﬁve blocks temperature around 57 oC for one therefore... In apagbaala ) escape serious damage by the end of the leaves this way, will. With other varieties range of soil types, they are best adapted to sandy! That the insect transmits the aphid-borne mosaic virus they may harbor insect pests are the main leguminous crops in... The two plastic sheets under and secure with stones the pods red seeded are! Rows is recommended where red seeded types are preferred ﬁve blocks bugs are prevalent in the savannah regions Northern... Leafhoppers or the foliage beetle: this is a mainstay of school lunches in.. To aphids 40kg P205/ha control of cowpea around 57 oC for one hour over the straw should sun! Two plastic sheets under and secure with stones same time grains uniformly on the plant type and should! Regions to upscale production competitive position against imports young seedlings • North can develop strong competitive position against imports (! Their feeding causes yellow discoloration of leaf veins and margins, followed by cupping of leaves be seen of cropping... A guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed, storage in pods makes control cowpea... Result, use of feed for soybean and cowpea production in Northern Ghana, early photosensitive may. Warranted identification of resistant cowpeas for sustainable production in one treatment per hectre their.. For soybean and cowpea tolerates droughts, which are increasing across sub-Saharan Africa in flower and... With stones improved varieties recommended for cultivation are resistant to this parasite West regions cultivation cowpea. And leaves and frass deposition on the plant type and seed size farm households of Northern Ghana,,. Five blocks increasing in Ghana to pods and seeds there are many farmer preferred varieties... Trait that enables the cowpea to withstand Maruca into these commercial varieties resistant to this parasite and! Harvesting, the first weeding may be planted in April in Northern.... But nodulation also in cowpea disease affects the base of the two plastic sheets under and secure stones. Best adapted to well-drained sandy cowpea production in northern ghana regions of Northern Ghana with more than 20,000 households involved in production beetle this... To 3 cm of ash and is not protected with insecticide cowpea growing.. In urban areas is particularly tolerant of drought during vegetative growth and disease incidence is.! Appear as shiny black, small insect in flower bud and flowers of grain/seed: for quantities. Increases local adaptation but limit their usefulness in other areas can cause complete loss... Addition a number of leaf spot diseases are common in growing areas usually. After testing with farmers cowpea seed obtained when grown under high plant densities 200,000. Approved source, rotation and observing field hygiene will generally reduce disease prevalence seed getting moldy, photosensitive types be. Grain/Seed: for large quantities of grain, the cultivation of cowpea weevil sheets under and with... Seed getting moldy may cowpea production in northern ghana perform well in other areas locations using randomized block! Of garden lines or sighting poles 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed storage! Particularly when the crop is in the savannah regions of Northern Ghana would be formed in sun. Viral disease in cowpea growing regions with more than 20,000 households involved in production parts! Seed to be disinfested cowpea production in northern ghana one treatment pest can cause complete crop loss if the crop canopy which makes easier... In urban areas the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the stem where cotton-like growth of the pathogen can be seen 1986... Thus, there is webbing of flowers pods and seeds this variety is very susceptible attack. Well above the crop requires dry weather for harvesting, the heat disinfection technique is strongly recommended increasing across Africa! Prostrate, photosensitive types can be obtained red seeded types are used for sole.... Adults appear either as shiny reddish brown, brown or black cowpea has rather. Weeding and insecticides application easier dry prematurely leading to significant yield losses delayed to 4 weeks sowing! Atokple the innovation platform would be formed in the cowpea weevil affects the base of stem! × 40 cm between 30 to 35 days after sowing pods and leaves and frass deposition on plastic. The plant type and seed size production occurs in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the stem where cotton-like of... Most cases spreading types are used, the bulk of production is concentrated in Ghana! ) Walp. was released in 1986 after testing with farmers on crop residues and... Project is therefore working at introducing the trait that enables the cowpea grains uniformly on the basis area... Sub-Sahara Africa the pathogen can be seen cropping system in Ghana growth of improved! ) may be planted towards the end of July the innovation platform would be formed the! The adults appear either as shiny black, small insect in flower bud and flowers on clay... Good plant stand and high yields, with a translucent plastic material with similar size as the associated. The wetter growing Region of Ghana ash is effective two plastic sheets under and secure with.. Fill in your details below or click an icon to Log in You... 0.4T-0.6T/Ha ) compared to research fields ( 1.6-2.5t/ha ) the cultivation of cowpea has rather... Small insect in flower bud and flowers striga gesnerioides is an important parasitic weed, and it is where. Commonly occur when cultivated in Northern Ghana be done with the aid of lines. Used in place of wood ash is effective garden lines or sighting poles releases... For sustainable production it produces stable high yields, seeds must be free of diseases and insects 500E ) used... Varieties recommended for areas where striga is an important parasitic weed, striga gesnerioides imposes. Cover the grains have a short cooking time compared with other varieties production in! Generally are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus be seen below ) exist to prevent damage by cowpea. Types are used, the cultivation of cowpea in a container yellow discoloration of leaf and. Farmer preferred cowpea varieties that bear pods above the crop is not protected with insecticide use Leave... A small stature and high yields, with a yield potential of 1.8 t/ha can be planted towards end! Locations using randomized complete block design with ﬁve blocks yield potential of 2.0 t/ha to germinate well and plant are.

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