Maryland's legislature voted overwhelmingly (53–13) to stay in the Union, but also rejected hostilities with its southern neighbors, voting to close Maryland's rail lines to prevent them from being used for war. [64], The armies met near the town of Sharpsburg by the Antietam Creek. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month. ", The state's participation as a Union slave state; a border state, Marylanders fought both for the Union and the Confederacy, Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery. [1][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. In addition, the District of Columbia contained 3,185 slaves out of a total population of 75,079. Harris (2011) pp. Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. The new constitution came into effect on November 1, 1864 and, while it emancipated the state's slaves, this did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. Lincoln needed Maryland to stay in the Union so that Washington D.C. would not be surrounded on all sides by Confederate territory. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. Animosity against Lincoln would remain, and Marylander John Wilkes Booth would assassinate President Lincoln on April 14, 1865, crying "sic semper tyrannis" the Virginia state motto as he did so in Washington's Ford's Theater, then fleeing and hiding in southern Maryland for a week hunted by Federal troops before slipping across the Potomac and later shot in a Virginia barn. [83] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. "[80]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" It has been estimated that, of the state's 1860 population of 687,000, about 4,000 Marylanders traveled south to fight for the Confederacy. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. Some 23,000 men were casualties; most of them killed or wounded, in a single day. [45] This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. Although Maryland was a slave state below the Mason-Dixon Line, the state did not join the Confederacy during the American Civil War. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. "Teaching American History in Maryland – Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634–1980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day. In other words, as far as Marylanders were concerned, the war was being fought over Union, not over slavery. Maryland has three chapters of the heritage group, Sons of Confederate Veterans. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[82] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. I’ve answered this question elsewhere. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. The content was prepared by staff in Labor and Workplace Studies of … It seems that the General Assembly was primarily interested in preserving Maryland's neutrality, for they neither wanted to secede from the Union, nor to allow Union troops to cross its territory in order to attack the Confederacy. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. The Chief Justice (not in a decision with the other justices) had held that the suspension was unconstitutional and could only be done by Congress and would leave lasting civil and legal scars. ", This page was last edited on 20 February 2021, at 12:32. Why did Lincoln impose martial law on Maryland? It was one of those situations where you have to see things from the perspective of both sides to understand. Delaware had a tied vote on succession and the Lt. When they did, he planned to march west from Frederick, crossing the Catoctin Mountains and South Mountain, to Hagerstown. 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